Why OCL?

常常忘記OCL的目的，趕緊從UML 2.0 OCL Specification抄下來。
A UML diagram, such as a class diagram, is typically not refined enough to provide all the relevant aspects of a specification. There is, among other things, a need to describe additional constraints about the objects in the model. Such constraints are often described in natural language. Practice has shown that this will always result in ambiguities. In order to write unambiguous constraints, so-called formal languages have been developed. The disadvantage of traditional
formal languages is that they are usable to persons with a strong mathematical background, but difficult for the average
business or system modeler to use.
OCL has been developed to fill this gap. It is a formal language that remains easy to read and write. It has been developed as a business modeling language within the IBM Insurance division, and has its roots in the Syntropy method.
OCL is a pure specification language; therefore, an OCL expression is guaranteed to be without side effect. When an OCL expression is evaluated, it simply returns a value. It cannot change anything in the model. This means that the state of the system will never change because of the evaluation of an OCL expression, even though an OCL expression can be used to specify a state change (e.g., in a post-condition).
OCL is not a programming language; therefore, it is not possible to write program logic or flow control in OCL. You cannot invoke processes or activate non-query operations within OCL. Because OCL is a modeling language in the first place, OCl expressions are not by definition directly executable.
OCL is a typed language, so that each OCL expression has a type. To be well formed, an OCL expression must conform to the type conformance rules of the language. For example, you cannot compare an Integer with a String. Each Classifier defined within a UML model represents a distinct OCL type. In addition, OCL includes a set of supplementary predefined types. These are described in Chapter 11 (“The OCL Standard Library”).
As a specification language, all implementation issues are out of scope and cannot be expressed in OCL.
The evaluation of an OCL expression is instantaneous. This means that the states of objects in a model cannot change during evaluation.